Method and nutritional supplement for enhancing weight gain of a mammal

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and nutritional supplement which stimulates appetite and slows metabolism of a mammal, thereby enhancing weight gain for the mammal. The method of enhancing weight gain of the mammal comprises administering to the mammal an effective amount of at least two types of alkamide or isobutylamide compound extracted from  Echinacea  species along with an antioxidant and optionally minerals. The nutritional supplement of the present invention comprises an antioxidant and at least two types of alkamide or isobutylamide compounds derived from  Echinacea  species. Minerals such as zinc and magnesium can also be added to the nutritional supplement to provide even better effect.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention generally relates to a nutritional supplement andmethod for enhancing weight gain of a mammal, particularly to anutritional supplement made from Echinacea extracts which increases theappetite and slows the metabolism of the mammal by activatingcannabinoid receptor type 1 of the mammal.

BACKGROUND

While the obesity epidemic is spreading at an alarming rate in themodern world especially in the developed countries, there are also asegment of individuals suffering from underweight which get far lessattention. Not only will serious underweight create undesirableappearance, it may also result from eating disorders, digestivedisorders and depression.

The American Dietetic Association (ADA) defines the ideal body massindex (BMI) as between 20 and 25. Anyone below that range would beconsidered underweight and those with a BMI from 18.5 and belowextremely underweight. The ability for a person to gain or lose weightdepends primarily on the person's intake of calories. Calories are foundin food. However, the calories in food come in different forms:carbohydrates, fats, and protein. These different forms, known as“macronutrients,” have different effects on the body and its ability togain weight.

When the person eats more calories than his or her body burns, the extracalories get stored for future use in the form of muscle or fat tissue.Conversely, when the person eats fewer calories than his or her bodyburns, the person's body taps into stored muscle and fat tissue to getthe energy it needs. As a result, a major cause for certain individualsto find gaining weight difficult is a weak appetite or fast metabolism,in addition to eating irregularly due to work, or eating healthy foodhaving low caloric density.

Conventionally, people who tried to gain weight took commercial weightgain shakes as a convenient source of calories. However, high calorieshakes are very filling and may prevent these people from enjoyingregular meals by blunting their appetite, causing them to eat little orno food later in the day and resulting in little or no change in bodyweight.

There are also literatures suggesting that taking multivitaminsupplements can improve a person's weight gain. However, such a methodis only effective when the person's capability of gaining weight wasbeing affected by certain nutrient deficiencies. People who are notdeficient in given nutrients will often find this method ineffective ingaining weight. In fact, most recent research suggests that multivitaminsupplementation has no effect on body weight in the general populationor that it may actually prevent weight gain. See, e.g., Major, G. C.,“Multivitamin and dietary supplements, body weight and appetite: resultsfrom a cross-sectional and a randomized double-blind placebo-controlledstudy” The British journal of nutrition, 5, 1157-1167 (2007); Nachtigal,M. C., “Dietary supplements and weight control in a middle-agepopulation. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine” (NewYork, N.Y.), 5, 909-915 (2005).

Despite the foregoing efforts to improve weight gain for individuals,conventional methods are not ideally suited for everyone. Accordingly,there exists a need for improved method and formulation for enhancingweight gain which obviates the deficiency of conventional methods.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of conventional methodsof gaining weight by providing a method and nutritional supplement whichstimulates appetite and slows metabolism, thereby enhancing weight gainfor a mammal. The method and nutritional supplement disclosed by thepresent invention also effectively increases the bodyweight of themammal even if the mammal already has a normal bodyweight.

In accordance with one aspect of at least one embodiment of the presentinvention, the method of enhancing weight gain of a mammal comprisesadministering to the mammal an effective amount of at least two types ofalkamide or isobutylamide compounds extracted or otherwise derived fromEchinacea species along with an antioxidant and optionally minerals.Specifically, the alkamide or isobutylamide compounds used are selectedfrom group consisting of Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides; Dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide; Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acidisobutylamide; Dodeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid 2-methylbutylamide;Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z-trienoic acid isobutylamide;Pentadeca-2E,9Z-diene-12,14-diynoic acid isobutylamide; andDodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide.

In accordance with another aspect of at least one embodiment of thepresent invention, the nutritional supplement of the present inventioncomprises an antioxidant and at least two types of alkamide orisobutylamide compound extracted from Echinacea species selected fromgroup consisting of Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea atrorubens,Echinacea laevigata, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea paradoxa, Echinaceapurpurea, Echinacea sanguinea, Echinacea simulate and Echinaceatennesseensis. Minerals such as zinc and magnesium can optionally beadded to the nutritional supplement to provide even better effect.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood with reference to the followingdrawings, description and claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but ismade merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles ofthe invention, since the scope of the invention is best defined by thefollowing claims. Various inventive features are described below thatcan each be used independently of one another or in combination withother features.

For purposes of the present disclosure, terms “CB1” and “CB2” shouldmean cannabinoid receptor type-1 and type-2 respectively. Thecannabinoid receptor type-1 and type-2, often abbreviated as CB1 and CB2respectively, have been identified as biological receptors of mammals.CB1 receptors are expressed in neurons of the central and peripheralnervous system. CB2 receptors are found almost exclusively in peripheralimmune cells. The CB1 receptor has been found to be active in severalareas of the body known to stimulate eating behavior. CB1 activation haspowerful effects on food intake, energy balance, and metabolism.Activity at the receptor is critical for regulation of energyhomeostasis and food intake. CB1 receptors in the brain and peripheryhave already been targeted as a treatment for obesity. Thepharmaceutical drug rimonabant, which was FDA approved in 1996, wasfound to effectively reduce food intake and decrease body weight byblocking activity at the CB1 receptor as a competitive antagonist. Incontrast, activation of the CB1 receptor by the endocannabinoids or byexogenous phytocannabinoids are well established to produce stimulatoryeffects on appetite, food intake, and weight gain. The term “Echinaceaextract” or “Echinacea constituent” generally refers to alkamide orisobutylamide compound extracted or derived from Echinacea species.

Broadly, embodiments of the present invention generally provide methodand nutritional supplement for enhancing weight gain of a mammal byactivating CB1 of the mammal. Specifically, the present inventionachieved its purpose by administering to the mammal an effective amountof alkamide compound, isobutylamide compound or combination thereofderived, extracted, or prepared from Echinacea species that are CB1receptor agonist.

It was observed that Echinacea alkamides are structurally similar to theendocannabinoid AEA. Subsequent cannabinoid receptor binding studieshave confirmed that all of the alkamides in Echinacea have affinity forthe CB1 receptor at micromolar (μM) dissociation constants. Theendocannabinoid system is a target for alkamides from Echinacea species.While the alkamides in Echinacea species have been shown to bind to CB1receptors, and while CB 1 activation has been implicated generally inappetite and metabolic regulation, no published studies or academicpapers could be located in which alkamides were suggested or examined asa therapeutic target for the treatment of anorexia (insufficientappetite) or underweight.

The pharmacokinetic properties of the alkamides in Echinacea have beenexamined. Experiments show that the alkamides are detectable in humanblood within 10 minutes of oral application. Time to peak concentrationvaried from 20-30 minutes. Orally ingested Echinacea preparations arecapable of providing bioavailable alkamides for bioactivity at the CB 1receptor.

The alkamide or isobutylamide compounds extracted from Echinacea speciesthat are found to be effective in activating CB1 include, but are notlimited to, Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides;Dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide; Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acidisobutylamide; Dodeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid 2-methylbutylamide;Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z-trienoic acid isobutylamide;Pentadeca-2E,9Z-diene-12,14-diynoic acid isobutylamide; andDodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide.

These alkamide or isobutylamide compounds can be extracted or otherwisederived from the aerial parts, but ideally the roots, rhizomes orvegetative stems of Echinacea species (plants) such as Echinaceaangustifolia, Echinacea atrorubens, Echinacea laevigata, Echinaceapallida, Echinacea paradoxa, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea sanguinea,Echinacea simulate and Echinacea tennesseensis. For example,Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides;Dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide; andUndeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide can be derived fromEchinacea purpurea and Undeca-2-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide andDodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide can be derived from Echinaceaaugustifolia.

The alkamide or isobutylamide compounds derived from Echinacea speciesare highly unsaturated compounds. Therefore, they are prone tooxidation. Many of the alkamides in Echinacea species contain one or twoalkyne moieties, which are susceptible to degradation at highertemperature and oxygen levels. The medium-chained hydrocarbon portion ofthese alkamides contains one or more double bonds, and some alkamideshave one or two acetylene bonds. None of the alkamides are saturated. Asa result, alkamides should be prone to oxidation, especially in anenvironment rich in oxygen. It has been suggested that Echinacea rootsshould be left intact or the extracts be kept in solution to prevent theoxidative breakdown of the diene structures. One study found a 13%reduction in alkamide content of ground roots over 2 months. Anotherstudy of ground roots found that after 7 months, there was a reductionin alkamide content of 88% at 25 ° C. and 95% at 40 ° C. Anotherobserved alkamide reduction in dried, crushed Echinacea stored in thelight at 20 ° C. or in the dark at 30 ° C. over a period of 60 days.

The stability of the alkamide constituents of Echinacea is veryimportant because the medicinal properties are determined by thebiological viability of those constituents. One study proposed thatanother class of constituents in Echinacea known as the phenolics mayact as antioxidants to decrease the degradation of alkamides in a dryextract. However, no published studies or academic papers could belocated in which alkamides from Echinacea were preserved or proposed tobe preserved by the addition of an antioxidant.

Thus, in one embodiment of the present invention, antioxidant is usedwith Echinacea-derived alkamides or isobutalamides to curtail the rateof oxidation and to decrease the rate of degradation, thus increasingshelf life and alkamide potency. The antioxidant that can be usedincludes, but is not limited to, alpha tocopherol (vitamin E), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbylpalmitate, propyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, ethyl gallate, and octylgallate.

Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, a uniqueternary blend of antioxidant consisting of lecithin, vitamin C andvitamin E is disclosed for Echinacea-derived alkamides orisobutalamides. The ternary blend disclosed by the present inventioneffectively prevents Echinacea-derived alkamides or isobutylamides fromoxidation and degradation, thereby enhancing their abilities to activateCB1 and shell-life. The vitamin C is preferably in the form of ascorbicacid rather than esters, salts or chelates. The vitamin E is preferablyin the form of free tocopherols, and more ideally in the form of mixedtocopherols. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, it ispreferred that the lecithin, vitamin C and vitamin E in the ternaryblend have a ratio of 2:1:1 to 10:1:1 (lecithin:ascorbicacid:tocopherols); ideally, 4:1:1 to 5:1:1. When they are administeredwith Echinacea-derived isobutylamides or alkamides, it is preferred thattheir concentration is between 2,000 to 10,000 ppm, ideally 3,000 to3,500 ppm. For example, an ideal concentration can be 2500ppm : 500 ppm: 500 ppm (for lecithin, ascorbic acid and tocopherols) for a 3,500 ppmternary blend.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the method ofpresent invention further comprises administering the mammal withvitamin D. The vitamin D is preferably selected from group consisting ofergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3), and ideally includescholecalciferol (D3). The preferred dosage is between 400 to 6000 IU(International Unit) per day, and ideally at least 4000 IU per day. Theadvantage of having vitamin D is that, in addition to well-known effectson calcium uptake, it may up-regulate intestinal glucose transport viaSGLT1, thereby improving glucose and net macronutrient uptake. Vitamin Dis also capable of inhibiting uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), whichfacilitates mitochondrial proton leak and contributes to RMR. Byinhibiting UCP2, vitamin D can reduce thermogenesis and metabolic rate,thereby promoting caloric surplus. Vitamin D is also known to beassociated with 13-cell function, systemic inflammation, insulinsecretion, and insulin sensitivity. Thus, improved vitamin D status mayimprove glucose homeostasis and disposal, especially in mammals whichare diabetic or pre-diabetic. In addition, many gastrointestinaldisorders are often associated with vitamin D deficiency. Thesedisorders frequently include impaired nutrient uptake, suppression ofappetite, and difficulty gaining weight. Lastly, vitamin D may play anumber of roles in immunity, with effects on tight junctions, pathogeninvasion, commensal bacterial colonization, antimicrobe peptidesecretion, and mucosal defense. For example, vitamin D administrationmay prevent influenza in some populations, as well as improve the curerate of hepatitis C treatment, an infection characterized by loss ofappetite and weight loss.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the method ofpresent invention further comprises administering the mammal with zinc,ideally chelated zinc selected from group consisting of zinc gluconate,zinc picolinate, zinc orotate, zinc aspartate and zinc monomethionine.It is preferred that 10 to 150 mg of elemental zinc, ideally 20 to 40 mgis administered to the mammal per day. The purpose of adding zinc is tocorrect and prevent zinc deficiency, which is often characterized byreduced appetite and sense of taste, while avoiding excessive zincsupplementation, characterized by nausea and gastrointestinal upset,which may further reduce appetite and impair weight gain.

The nutritional supplement disclosed by the present invention alsocontains a number of different alkamide or isobutylamide compoundsderived from different Echinacea species as illustrated above. Theselipophilic alkamide or isobutylamide compounds are one of the primaryclasses of biologically active constituents in Echinacea that have beenidentified. The nutritional supplement can be in the form of a tablet,capsule, caplet, granule, particulate, agglomerate, spansule, chewabletablet, lozenge, or troche.

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nutritionalsupplement comprises an antioxidant and at least two types of alkamideor isobutylamide compounds extracted or otherwise derived from Echinaceaspecies selected from group consisting of Echinacea angustifolia,Echinacea atrorubens, Echinacea laevigata, Echinacea pallida, Echinaceaparadoxa, Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea sanguinea, Echinacea simulateand Echinacea tennesseensis. Minerals such as zinc or magnesium canoptionally be add to the nutritional supplement of the present inventionto provide even better effect.

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nutritionalsupplement is in solid dosage form and comprisesDodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides extracted orotherwise derived from Echinacea purpurea and Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acidisobutylamide extracted or otherwise derived from angustifolia. Whilethe ratio between these two is not critical, it is preferred that higherproportion of Echinacea extracts from Echinacea angustifolia is usedwhen combining with Echinacea extracts derived from Echinacea purpurea.

For example, the preferred proportion between Echinacea angustifolia andEchinacea purpurea is 6:4 to 8:2.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the nutritionalsupplement additionally includes other Echinacea alkamides selected fromgroup consisting of Dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide; Dodeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoicacid 2-methylbutylamide; Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z-trienoic acid isobutylamide;Pentadeca-2E,9Z-diene-12,14-diynoic acid isobutylamide; andDodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide, or any combinationthereof.

The antioxidant used is selected from group consisting of alphatocopherol (vitamin E), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, dodecylgallate, ethyl gallate, octyl gallate, lecithin, vitamin C, vitamin E orany combination thereof. Minerals such as magnesium and zinc canoptionally be added to the nutritional supplement of the presentinvention.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, theDodeca-2E,4E,8Z, 10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides has a minimalconcentration of 0.03% by weight, on the dried basis, with idealconcentration between 0.05% to 0.20%. The Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acidisobutylamide has minimal concentration of 0.01% by weight, on the driedbasis, with ideal concentration between 0.01% and 0.03%.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when theEchinacea total alkamide concentration is less than 0.10% by weight, onthe dried basis, it is recommended that the dosage of the Echinacea (aspowder on a dry basis) is between 1600 to 3600 mg per day, ideally at2400 mg per day. When Echinacea with a higher concentration is used, itis recommended that the dosage of the Echinacea (as powder on a drybasis) is between 400 to 1600 mg per day, ideally 800 to 1200 mg perday. It is also recommended that the nutritional supplement is takendaily with two to four dosages.

Examples 1 and 2 below illustrate ideal formulations for the nutritionalsupplement of the present invention in capsules. Note that the presentinvention does not limit itself to the two examples illustrated below.Rather, these two examples merely demonstrate how the nutritionalsupplement can be formulated in accordance with the present invention.All the Echinacea extracts used in these two examples can be replacedwith different type of Echinacea extracts disclosed in the presentinvention or commonly known to one skilled in the art. In addition,vitamins and minerals can also be replaced with ones that providesimilar characteristics.

EXAMPLE 1

Echinacea angustifolia extracts  Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E/Z-tetraenoicacid isobutylamides  Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide Dodeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid 2-methylbutylamide  Pentadeca-2E,9Z-diene-12, 14-diynoic acid isobutylamide Echinacea purpurea extracts Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides  Dodeca-2E, 4E,8Z-trienoic acid isobutylamide  Dodeca-2E, 4Z-diene-8, 10-diynoic acidisobutylamide Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol USP) Zinc (zinc gluconate USP)Ternary Antioxidant Blend  Lecithin, ascorbic acid, mixed tocopherols

EXAMPLE 2

Echinacea purpurea powder  Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E/Z-tetraenoic acidisobutylamides  Dodeca-2E, 4Z-diene-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide Undeca-2Z, 4E-diene-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide Echinaceaangustifolia power  Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E/Z-tetraenoic acidisobutylamides  Undeca-2-ene-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide Dodeca-2E, 4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferolUSP) Zinc (zinc gluconate USP) Antioxidant System  Ternary Blend ofLecithin, Vitamin C and Vitamin E

Table 1 below is data collected from approximately 1200 test subjectsshowing their weight gain after taking formulation containing onlyEchinacea extracts. Table 2 is data collected from another 1200 testsubjects showing their weight gain after taking formulation withEchinacea extracts, Vitamin D3, Zinc and Ternary Blend (as illustratedin Example 2). Table 3 and Table 4 summarized the results of Tables 1and 2.

TABLE 1 Echinacea Extracts Only Weight Gained Duration ID (lb) (Day)Rate 8909 8 107 0.07 8918 1 180 0.01 8920 1 44 0.02 8943 4 39 0.10 89441 44 0.02 8949 2 27 0.07 8953 17 150 0.11 8955 12 148 0.08 8956 10 1830.05 8957 2 85 0.02 8961 12 58 0.21 8963 4 150 0.03 8964 4 32 0.13 896710 94 0.11 8974 8 45 0.18 8981 15 102 0.15 8982 5 46 0.11 8984 12 880.14 9001 20 147 0.14 9002 7 44 0.16 9003 20 32 0.63 9005 15 190 0.089027 1 35 0.03 9029 20 64 0.31 9037 20 130 0.15 9060 6 30 0.20 9063 10136 0.07 9086 5 59 0.08 9089 20 64 0.31 9096 2 35 0.06 9099 3 52 0.069100 1 29 0.03 9113 5 51 0.10 9121 30 219 0.14 9134 30 48 0.63 9136 2 350.06 9140 4 64 0.06 9141 11 35 0.31 9145 13 42 0.31 9160 10 33 0.30 91641 43 0.02 9177 25 51 0.49 9181 10 157 0.06 9183 1 43 0.02 9185 22 530.42 9213 3 35 0.09 9225 10 96 0.10 9239 25 32 0.78 9249 25 182 0.149262 5 66 0.08 9276 6 43 0.14 9283 5 83 0.06 9284 5 69 0.07 9292 20 340.59 9300 10 43 0.23 9303 2 84 0.02 9308 2 48 0.04 9310 3 145 0.02 93118 89 0.09 9317 85 199 0.43 9320 2 31 0.06 9321 1 58 0.02 9329 15 24 0.639344 7 33 0.21 9349 20 68 0.29 9352 15 172 0.09 9361 35 92 0.38 9362 10157 0.06 9367 10 23 0.43 9370 5 33 0.15 9383 5 32 0.16 9384 4 33 0.129385 10 188 0.05 9393 15 38 0.39 9397 3 50 0.06 9427 10 32 0.31 9434 1030 0.33 9442 2 23 0.09 9448 30 103 0.29 9452 10 103 0.10 9453 20 63 0.329455 1 24 0.04 9459 12 66 0.18 9463 20 63 0.32 9464 15 50 0.30 9468 2033 0.61 9470 15 122 0.12 9480 1 75 0.01 9482 16 94 0.17 9488 7 23 0.309489 20 209 0.10 9495 3 50 0.06 9503 5 32 0.16 9515 1.5 20 0.08 9521 15163 0.09 9522 10 203 0.05 9532 5 35 0.14 9543 2 35 0.06 9549 2 138 0.019553 3 19 0.16 9554 4 95 0.04 9559 1 33 0.03 9562 2 63 0.03 9563 3 1800.02 9569 7 89 0.08 9571 9 19 0.47 9576 1 33 0.03 9580 7 35 0.20 9582 20181 0.11 9584 10 215 0.05 9595 10 62 0.16 9610 10 141 0.07 9618 10 330.30 9622 10 29 0.34 9623 2 33 0.06 9629 5 57 0.09 9630 10 28 0.36 963125 91 0.27 9637 7 55 0.13 9644 15 22 0.68 9646 8 119 0.07 9651 3 42 0.079652 20 47 0.43 9658 3.5 69 0.05 9672 4 98 0.04 9676 5 69 0.07 9692 1577 0.19 9712 10 60 0.17 9725 4 69 0.06 9728 20 82 0.24 9731 5 39 0.139736 10 144 0.07 9739 2 30 0.07 9748 18 122 0.15 9755 1 35 0.03 9763 536 0.14 9765 2 28 0.07 9775 10 74 0.14 9778 15 63 0.24 9780 5 158 0.039784 10 33 0.30 9786 3 20 0.15 9787 20 172 0.12 9796 6 60 0.10 9800 15130 0.12 9802 10 166 0.06 9803 20 181 0.11 9814 2 33 0.06 9818 3 32 0.099822 2 34 0.06 9833 8 98 0.08 9839 3 31 0.10 9844 6 36 0.17 9858 10 330.30 9859 20 67 0.30 9861 10 94 0.11 9894 10 95 0.11 9896 2 96 0.02 99092 125 0.02 9921 3 17 0.18 9924 1 35 0.03 9926 17 33 0.52 9935 25 1930.13 9944 12 57 0.21 9947 7 120 0.06 9952 15 44 0.34 9958 14 97 0.149961 10 90 0.11 9962 9 36 0.25 9963 10 30 0.33 9968 12 180 0.07 9969 1099 0.10 9972 10 97 0.10 9975 10 107 0.09 9978 8 61 0.13 10003 10 15 0.6710004 5 76 0.07 10009 5 53 0.09 10014 4 28 0.14 10018 12 57 0.21 1002820 65 0.31 10035 16 52 0.31 10064 5 34 0.15 10066 12 151 0.08 10076 2 220.09 10080 17 158 0.11 10086 11 73 0.15 10087 10 85 0.12 10089 6 83 0.0710097 11 34 0.32 10108 2 121 0.02 10112 10 63 0.16 10117 10 56 0.1810118 5 30 0.17 10136 10 35 0.29 10140 10 91 0.11 10146 10 62 0.16 1015012 211 0.06 10154 30 36 0.83 10164 2 33 0.06 10173 2 27 0.07 10174 6 140.43 10186 8 19 0.42 10188 15 61 0.25 10204 15 41 0.37 10215 4 64 0.0610221 20 34 0.59 10223 12 75 0.16 10224 10 35 0.29 10235 20 110 0.1810238 15 28 0.54 10251 4 186 0.02 10253 3 14 0.21 10257 10 84 0.12 102607 46 0.15 10261 6 53 0.11 10262 2 157 0.01 10270 15 92 0.16 10272 11 1120.10 10275 20 64 0.31 10291 12 96 0.13 10292 10 99 0.10 10293 4 22 0.1810304 4 50 0.08 10310 8 25 0.32 10318 10 33 0.30 10322 10 96 0.10 1032320 201 0.10 10324 5 93 0.05 10330 6 93 0.06 10332 8 59 0.14 10336 20 1930.10 10339 10 36 0.28 10341 4 24 0.17 10343 25 87 0.29 10349 5 35 0.1410350 14 209 0.07 10357 2.5 35 0.07 10366 20 35 0.57 10367 17 120 0.1410375 2 18 0.11 10376 10 115 0.09 10377 2 22 0.09 10378 6 70 0.09 103872 118 0.02 10412 3 25 0.12 10414 2 19 0.11 10415 32 93 0.34 10430 5 300.17 10431 15 55 0.27 10450 7 26 0.27 10453 6 54 0.11 10456 5 32 0.1610458 4 60 0.07 10463 20 16 1.25 10469 6 29 0.21 10472 3 95 0.03 1048730 152 0.20 10490 15 51 0.29 10494 5 66 0.08 10499 2 186 0.01 10502 3153 0.02 10503 5 11 0.45 10505 12 24 0.50 10509 9 33 0.27 10510 10 330.30 10517 2 155 0.01 10520 7 29 0.24 10523 10 47 0.21 10534 20 70 0.2910553 4 36 0.11 10557 6.8 141 0.05 10560 1 24 0.04 10563 20 187 0.1110565 10 25 0.40 10570 4 78 0.05 10573 15 46 0.33 10584 3 30 0.10 1059215 89 0.17 10597 3 34 0.09 10619 10 84 0.12 10629 4 99 0.04 10632 5 300.17 10633 5 28 0.18 10640 25 64 0.39 10641 5 170 0.03 10647 10 51 0.2010648 3 121 0.02 10649 5 33 0.09 10654 15 64 0.23 10666 3 171 0.02 106745 59 0.08 10682 5 49 0.10 10696 10 45 0.22 10702 3 21 0.14 10711 1 940.01 10715 3 135 0.02 10719 10 13 0.77 10728 10 148 0.07 10733 1 84 0.0110736 2 17 0.12 10763 6 90 0.07 10764 5 35 0.14 10767 11 40 0.28 10771 524 0.21 10797 20 82 0.24 10801 3 58 0.05 10809 40 91 0.44 10825 15 740.20 10839 2 33 0.06 10841 5 44 0.11 10843 23 52 0.44 10844 10 20 0.5010845 7 35 0.20 10853 15 77 0.19 10858 9 147 0.06 10865 25 60 0.42 108749 60 0.15 10879 15 121 0.12 10891 10 32 0.31 10896 3 35 0.09 10898 6 680.09 10901 15 63 0.24 10904 15 145 0.10 10908 15 119 0.13 10911 7 320.22 10912 10 14 0.71 10929 18 78 0.23 10934 10 32 0.31 10941 14 1720.08 10958 20 11 1.82 10962 6 18 0.33 10965 15 62 0.24 10970 5 90 0.0610981 2 49 0.04 10991 5 150 0.03 10993 2 63 0.03 11004 12 34 0.35 1100815 5 3.00 11009 50 167 0.30 11015 3 89 0.03 11017 16 33 0.48 11047 6 750.08 11059 4 150 0.03 11061 3 33 0.09 11066 5 46 0.11 11073 30 40 0.7511074 4 26 0.15 11083 8 33 0.24 11100 1.5 76 0.02 11105 3 5 0.60 1111315 85 0.18 11119 43 95 0.45 11122 6 35 0.17 11126 3 25 0.12 11136 2 1420.01 11147 7 60 0.12 11150 15 29 0.52 11151 5 5 1.00 11157 30 123 0.2411159 1 36 0.03 11162 8 169 0.05 11163 2 11 0.18 11166 10 5 2.00 11180 531 0.16 11185 2 59 0.03 11190 20 181 0.11 11192 4 15 0.27 11199 2 730.03 11202 10 11 0.91 11204 20 53 0.38 11212 10 75 0.13 11213 2 32 0.0611216 5 35 0.14 11218 5 55 0.09 11220 17 93 0.18 11225 12 26 0.46 1123315 64 0.23 11235 2 28 0.07 11251 10 13 0.77 11252 6 12 0.50 11257 40 930.43 11263 6 131 0.05 11265 10 12 0.83 11267 6 36 0.17 11268 5 28 0.1811273 7 32 0.22 11275 10 46 0.22 11286 8 62 0.13 11291 9 14 0.64 1129420 183 0.11 11304 10 88 0.11 11305 15 150 0.10 11313 12 19 0.63 11314 5109 0.05 11323 3 35 0.09 11325 8 165 0.05 11328 8 84 0.10 11330 3 360.08 11340 15 90 0.17 11343 23 193 0.12 11344 6.5 27 0.24 11367 15 460.33 11370 5 78 0.06 11371 1 32 0.03 11387 10 51 0.20 11410 15 90 0.1711413 3 63 0.05 11414 15 32 0.47 11426 20 38 0.53 11427 2 35 0.06 114376 2 3.00 11451 20 135 0.15 11454 14 129 0.11 11469 5 36 0.14 11484 5 1210.04 11486 5 83 0.06 11491 2 37 0.05 11492 10 129 0.08 11504 15 147 0.1011521 20 134 0.15 11524 6 30 0.20 11525 20 20 1.00 11529 40 155 0.2611533 12 58 0.21 11534 10 48 0.21 11535 9 71 0.13 11548 2 70 0.03 1155210 42 0.24 11558 8 34 0.24 11562 10 29 0.34 11563 5 152 0.03 11564 2 470.04 11573 14 191 0.07 11576 2 84 0.02 11594 10 90 0.11 11603 6 33 0.1811605 10 181 0.06 11606 2 52 0.04 11611 2 12 0.17 11628 2 93 0.02 1163112 46 0.26 11632 8 42 0.19 11634 18 150 0.12 11640 24 160 0.15 11642 330 0.10 11652 13 194 0.07 11655 30 188 0.16 11666 10 76 0.13 11676 2 360.06 11693 5 33 0.15 11696 4 34 0.12 11700 10 64 0.16 11707 20 86 0.2311711 10 64 0.16 11713 20 19 1.05 11718 15 125 0.12 11719 15 35 0.4311730 15 197 0.08 11731 16 25 0.64 11734 40 188 0.21 11747 10 65 0.1511754 5 114 0.04 11765 5 34 0.15 11772 10 51 0.20 11773 20 30 0.67 1178520 63 0.32 11786 10 38 0.26 11810 6 53 0.11 11813 1 18 0.06 11814 5 380.13 11831 4 19 0.21 11839 5 30 0.17 11841 20 33 0.61 11842 15 132 0.1111850 15 84 0.18 11863 4 113 0.04 11871 8 39 0.21 11872 20 12 1.67 1189510 60 0.17 11901 20 90 0.22 11904 5 102 0.05 11921 2 32 0.06 11926 2 300.07 11928 20 62 0.32 11931 22 63 0.35 11932 6 27 0.22 11939 3 54 0.0611951 25 59 0.42 11952 10 55 0.18 11957 20 135 0.15 11961 6 40 0.1511963 5 57 0.09 11967 5 95 0.05 11976 25 22 1.14 11986 20 99 0.20 1198810 64 0.16 11990 12 124 0.10 11997 2 32 0.06 11998 10 17 0.59 12011 2087 0.23 12016 5 150 0.03 12018 4.6 11 0.42 12020 4 21 0.19 12021 10 1300.08 12022 5 17 0.29 12027 5 148 0.03 12038 10 196 0.05 12049 10 1840.05 12053 4 89 0.04 12055 12 51 0.24 12067 30 63 0.48 12075 5 35 0.1412076 12 122 0.10 12077 7 50 0.14 12078 10 108 0.09 12082 10 21 0.4812102 2 32 0.06 12120 10 68 0.15 12123 20 30 0.67 12132 10 117 0.0912135 12 159 0.08 12136 8 151 0.05 12140 1 3 0.33 12141 15 108 0.1412144 4 101 0.04 12147 15 133 0.11 12154 20 17 1.18 12158 1 99 0.0112160 6 18 0.33 12164 8 64 0.13 12170 60 132 0.45 12171 30 131 0.2312178 20 34 0.59 12183 10 14 0.71 12196 6 62 0.10 12200 5 15 0.33 122053 49 0.06 12209 3 32 0.09 12216 10 32 0.31 12221 4 34 0.12 12223 10 1990.05 12231 3 148 0.02 12239 3 14 0.21 12242 5 36 0.14 12254 10 34 0.2912259 20 54 0.37 12272 25 184 0.14 12276 20 32 0.63 12283 12 36 0.3312286 45 168 0.27 12292 2 67 0.03 12298 6 159 0.04 12310 2 56 0.04 123112 71 0.03 12328 15 64 0.23 12333 15 85 0.18 12340 7 129 0.05 12347 5 680.07 12353 4 129 0.03 12358 10 140 0.07 12361 7 24 0.29 12365 2 29 0.0712366 3 16 0.19 12368 25 58 0.43 12371 5 78 0.06 12372 10 121 0.08 1237420 42 0.48 12380 2 124 0.02 12382 2 96 0.02 12393 10 56 0.18 12395 2 340.06 12399 5 182 0.03 12401 10 66 0.15 12406 8 119 0.07 12411 2 96 0.0212412 3 60 0.05 12417 15 56 0.27 12418 20 152 0.13 12421 3 35 0.09 1243010 54 0.19 12432 2 56 0.04 12433 13 73 0.18 12434 30 12 2.50 12441 2 760.03 12442 15 66 0.23 12445 3 148 0.02 12453 2 46 0.04 12465 25 39 0.6412479 10 21 0.48 12480 20 59 0.34 12482 10 120 0.08 12483 20 15 1.3312489 7 33 0.21 12492 4 34 0.12 12507 15 39 0.38 12514 3 5 0.60 12517 1254 0.22 12523 10 92 0.11 12531 8 32 0.25 12534 6 67 0.09 12537 20 970.21 12538 20 140 0.14 12543 8 5 1.60 12552 6 34 0.18 12554 9 125 0.0712560 5 62 0.08 12563 20 122 0.16 12570 2 26 0.08 12578 15 106 0.1412581 15 63 0.24 12583 20 94 0.21 12587 11 63 0.17 12588 4 62 0.06 125922 51 0.04 12601 25 113 0.22 12606 12 154 0.08 12607 15 92 0.16 12634 2122 0.02 12641 5 150 0.03 12643 30 27 1.11 12644 5 167 0.03 12645 6 940.06 12647 15 31 0.48 12650 20 143 0.14 12651 20 66 0.30 12653 5 30 0.1712654 20 35 0.57 12658 15 33 0.45 12659 10 157 0.06 12662 3 33 0.0912668 24 174 0.14 12703 1 104 0.01 12706 20 83 0.24 12708 6 31 0.1912709 10 163 0.06 12714 1 3 0.33 12729 7 21 0.33 12732 7 41 0.17 1273520 122 0.16 12748 10 41 0.24 12754 22 82 0.27 12758 5 68 0.07 12759 15101 0.15 12764 3 111 0.03 12765 2 65 0.03 12770 7 18 0.39 12771 22 950.23 12774 15 53 0.28 12800 10 136 0.07 12821 10 94 0.11 12822 18 1200.15 12823 50 94 0.53 12825 15 116 0.13 12850 5 151 0.03 12857 5 24 0.2112858 5 62 0.08 12863 20 89 0.22 12877 20 37 0.54 12892 5 87 0.06 129092 142 0.01 12913 20 32 0.63 12914 6 58 0.10 12919 15 172 0.09 12930 5 980.05 12932 5 35 0.14 12935 1 122 0.01 12950 20 23 0.87 12972 2 35 0.0612973 15 133 0.11 12980 30 148 0.20 12989 30 35 0.86 12990 2 11 0.1812992 10 54 0.19 12995 15 63 0.24 13007 20 42 0.48 13009 10 103 0.1013015 19 71 0.27 13024 5 6 0.83 13025 20 35 0.57 13034 2 87 0.02 13041 530 0.17 13045 15 143 0.10 13050 3 24 0.13 13054 20 15 1.33 13059 10 530.19 13063 20 9 2.22 13064 1 66 0.02 13081 10 15 0.67 13082 3 36 0.0813088 9 34 0.26 13109 16 57 0.28 13115 10 34 0.29 13120 45 77 0.58 131218.5 28 0.30 13124 10 78 0.13 13134 4 59 0.07 13137 4 26 0.15 13155 30 610.49 13162 20 149 0.13 13164 10 34 0.29 13166 3 108 0.03 13169 20 740.27 13171 5 59 0.08 13173 8 32 0.25 13185 40 101 0.40 13186 15 37 0.4113187 8 64 0.13 13189 5 62 0.08 13207 10 6 1.67 13209 5 30 0.17 13210 336 0.08 13213 3 64 0.05 13217 20 35 0.57 13226 14 13 1.08 13230 7 310.23 13234 25 180 0.14 13241 4 40 0.10 13247 11 20 0.55 13254 10 14 0.7113258 2 91 0.02 13273 9 68 0.13 13281 7 37 0.19 13283 10 68 0.15 13285 726 0.27 13302 5 32 0.16 13304 25 132 0.19 13305 15 36 0.42 13309 1 710.01 13312 20 87 0.23 13329 15 63 0.24 13330 20 6 3.33 13339 20 85 0.2413345 15.5 36 0.43 13351 20 57 0.35 13353 2 124 0.02 13361 3 12 0.2513363 20 18 1.11 13369 10 35 0.29 13375 2 32 0.06 13406 8 33 0.24 134099 43 0.21 13413 15 166 0.09 13424 5 24 0.21 13427 10 93 0.11 13432 1 190.05 13440 5 26 0.19 13456 20 46 0.43 13458 5 128 0.04 13471 10 32 0.3113472 15 97 0.15 13475 10 21 0.48 13477 10 74 0.14 13485 3 25 0.12 1348618 163 0.11 13487 10 69 0.14 13488 4 32 0.13 13491 10 28 0.36 13498 5 600.08 13499 4 147 0.03 13503 5 120 0.04 13504 18 83 0.22 13505 2 65 0.0313506 11 27 0.41 13509 5 56 0.09 13511 10 41 0.24 13515 15 94 0.16 135181 5 0.20 13523 10 146 0.07 13526 10 134 0.07 13531 15 84 0.18 13534 1028 0.36 13536 2 68 0.03 13540 15 100 0.15 13548 10 40 0.25 13566 10 720.14 13568 8 103 0.08 13569 8 31 0.26 13579 8 10 0.80 13589 2 17 0.1213593 41 94 0.44 13607 6 58 0.10 13617 15 119 0.13 13623 3 129 0.0213626 5 68 0.07 13634 10 53 0.19 13663 25 13 1.92 13673 10 87 0.11 1367811 148 0.07 13681 20 32 0.63 13687 15 109 0.14 13690 17 102 0.17 1369315 36 0.42 13695 2 27 0.07 13703 40 93 0.43 13712 5 21 0.24 13713 25 820.30 13722 2 124 0.02 13735 13 33 0.39 13742 20 91 0.22 13750 8 124 0.0613751 15 146 0.10 13759 15 159 0.09 13760 10 31 0.32 13766 5 80 0.0613767 5 33 0.15 13785 15 26 0.58 13789 13 162 0.08 13797 15 117 0.1313799 5 142 0.04 13800 3 23 0.13 13823 10 33 0.30 13827 12 58 0.21 1383520 97 0.21 13841 17 80 0.21 13846 15 85 0.18 13847 15 59 0.25 13852 3 370.08 13855 6 91 0.07 13870 4 177 0.02 13871 4 43 0.09 13872 5 13 0.3813887 5 36 0.14 13888 15 35 0.43 13889 10 91 0.11 13896 9 55 0.16 139007 34 0.21 13910 8 12 0.67 13916 4 122 0.03 13928 8 62 0.13 13930 7 420.17 13936 20 33 0.61 13950 20 40 0.50 13953 8 98 0.08 13971 2 42 0.0513977 12 68 0.18 13980 5 64 0.08 13983 16 64 0.25 14002 4 61 0.07 140048 114 0.07 14017 3 82 0.04 14025 20 19 1.05 14030 30 24 1.25 14050 1 770.01 14054 10 92 0.11 14056 5 55 0.09 14066 3 25 0.12 14068 5 77 0.0614107 15 30 0.50 14109 5 25 0.20 14114 5 61 0.08 14115 11 43 0.26 141165 95 0.05 14121 9 4 2.25 14125 30 91 0.33 14140 10 38 0.26 14144 8 330.24 14147 3 32 0.09 14154 3 119 0.03 14155 10 23 0.43 14159 8 70 0.1114162 35 137 0.26 14167 5 96 0.05 14171 20 130 0.15 14175 6 68 0.0914181 4 59 0.07 14192 12 83 0.14 14226 2 56 0.04 14230 8 98 0.08 1423120 24 0.83 14232 160 75 2.13 14253 20 25 0.80 14270 3 34 0.09 14276 2070 0.29 14278 10 93 0.11 14282 3 52 0.06 14286 4 109 0.04 14288 20 760.26 14290 5 24 0.21 14323 2 50 0.04 14325 10 3 3.33 14330 4 80 0.0514338 10 143 0.07 14339 25 88 0.28 14345 1 30 0.03 14346 10 22 0.4514350 12 31 0.39 14359 15 46 0.33 14360 12 69 0.17 14376 5 121 0.0414381 10 116 0.09 14388 5 40 0.13 14392 5 154 0.03 14397 5 32 0.16 143993 18 0.17 14402 2 28 0.07 14405 11 42 0.26 14426 1 15 0.07 14428 15 210.71 14429 5 23 0.22 14438 5 81 0.06 14439 10 114 0.09 14441 15 33 0.4514443 2 64 0.03 14456 25 112 0.22 14459 10 130 0.08 14462 20 119 0.1714463 10 4 2.50 14469 10 35 0.29 14474 5 32 0.16 14476 20 58 0.34 1448020 85 0.24 14491 9 62 0.15 14497 15 16 0.94 14508 5 59 0.08 14535 2 60.33 14564 1 22 0.05 14565 5 61 0.08 14571 20 38 0.53 14572 40 93 0.4314573 15 27 0.56 14575 20 156 0.13 14589 3 34 0.09 14592 2 94 0.02 145972 42 0.05 14610 20 132 0.15 14628 6 32 0.19 14631 5 140 0.04 14647 3 330.09 14666 7 95 0.07 14672 5 41 0.12 14673 10 58 0.17 14684 20 103 0.1914687 15 97 0.15 14728 8 19 0.42 14732 25 33 0.76 14752 4 128 0.03 147647 119 0.06 14776 10 122 0.08 14781 25 90 0.28 14794 10 157 0.06 14799 595 0.05 14810 12 164 0.07 14842 2 19 0.11 14857 2 67 0.03 14858 6 330.18 14860 20 62 0.32 14863 2 80 0.03 14865 1 129 0.01 14894 15 151 0.1014896 3 23 0.13 14898 15 32 0.47 14909 5 87 0.06 14927 6 63 0.10 1493135 64 0.55 14944 10 12 0.83 14952 25 60 0.42 14957 1 137 0.01 14964 1053 0.19 14966 4 121 0.03 14969 10 30 0.33 14972 10 46 0.22 14978 8 670.12 14981 5 16 0.31 14987 10 66 0.15 14988 10 74 0.14 15004 15 97 0.1515009 1 37 0.03 15016 10 63 0.16 15017 12 43 0.28 15024 15 42 0.36 150255 30 0.17 15029 5 22 0.23 15033 2 4 0.50 15040 3 35 0.09 15044 28 650.43 15049 6 94 0.06 15053 7 73 0.10 15057 20 33 0.61 15061 20 42 0.4815065 15 14 1.07 15071 7 77 0.09 15072 5 31 0.16 15074 15 52 0.29 1508115 35 0.43 15085 10 115 0.09 15087 10 63 0.16 15094 10 21 0.48 15103 1061 0.16 15108 12 65 0.18 15116 10 21 0.48 15118 15 72 0.21 15121 20 310.65 15139 5 20 0.25 15146 25 134 0.19 15147 2 36 0.06 15151 35 117 0.3015159 1 63 0.02 15161 15 108 0.14 15169 5 40 0.13 15175 30 120 0.2515178 10 128 0.08 15181 30 34 0.88 15184 8 20 0.40 15192 2 7 0.29 1519611 21 0.52 15203 15 91 0.16 15205 10 104 0.10 15209 12 84 0.14 15217 1065 0.15 15223 20 121 0.17 15236 5 30 0.17 15257 25 138 0.18 15259 15 890.17 15280 23 42 0.55 15282 11 146 0.08 15283 20 12 1.67 15285 3 58 0.0515290 10 80 0.13 15292 10 33 0.30 15303 10 13 0.77 15306 12 84 0.1415309 10 50 0.20 15310 16 130 0.12 15312 5 122 0.04 15314 20 4 5.0015315 4 30 0.13 15320 15 26 0.58 15322 4 119 0.03 15333 25 49 0.51 153361 120 0.01 15338 26 91 0.29 15345 10 15 0.67 15357 15 20 0.75 15383 5 100.50 15388 10 81 0.12 15394 2 29 0.07 15404 5 120 0.04 15409 30 65 0.4615444 5 20 0.25 15449 2 9 0.22 15450 2 31 0.06 15457 1 123 0.01 15464 1555 0.27 15474 15 42 0.36 15490 4 23 0.17 15492 20 60 0.33 15511 5 190.26 15515 15 35 0.43 15518 4 4 1.00 15524 20 116 0.17 15529 13 149 0.0915529 4 149 0.03 15536 20 53 0.38 15538 2 45 0.04 15545 10 68 0.15 155484 43 0.09 15550 8 88 0.09 15553 6 94 0.06 15555 22 42 0.52 15581 12 570.21 15592 10 59 0.17 15596 12 61 0.20 15599 10 44 0.23 15600 14 54 0.2615602 3 28 0.11 15603 5 142 0.04 15604 11 37 0.30 15608 10 31 0.32 156132 26 0.08 15617 20 75 0.27 15622 1.5 82 0.02 15631 20 52 0.38 15641 5 510.10 15650 15 117 0.13 15653 1 30 0.03 15658 8 39 0.21 15664 10 32 0.3115670 13.5 32 0.42 15679 10 65 0.15 15686 7 54 0.13 15691 1 109 0.0115697 5 80 0.06 15703 9 6 1.50 15706 15 63 0.24 15707 10 34 0.29 1571120 49 0.41 15751 2 11 0.18 15762 17 130 0.13 15766 13 142 0.09 15776 3147 0.02 15808 2 39 0.05 15822 3 50 0.06 15829 5 79 0.06 15831 9 36 0.2515836 25 100 0.25 15841 2 62 0.03 15842 2 113 0.02 15851 15 36 0.4215855 15 24 0.63 15858 1 33 0.03 15861 10 32 0.31 15867 4 16 0.25 1587715 34 0.44 15884 5 64 0.08 15894 20 34 0.59 15900 2 160 0.01 15903 15 340.44 15908 10 95 0.11 15919 20 151 0.13 15926 20 103 0.19 15934 2 420.05 15935 5 42 0.12 15939 2 143 0.01 15942 5 33 0.15 15951 2 149 0.0115956 9 33 0.27 15975 4 26 0.15 15985 5 40 0.13 15988 1 21 0.05 15989 3092 0.33 15994 5 69 0.07 15999 3 107 0.03 16005 10 68 0.15 16016 10 580.17 16017 15 97 0.15 16018 18 25 0.72 16026 14 50 0.28 16032 20 76 0.2616041 2 8 0.25 16064 15 31 0.48 16071 10 82 0.12 16076 3 60 0.05 1607915 151 0.10 16094 10 32 0.31 16097 15 118 0.13 16109 7 151 0.05 16115 1535 0.43 16116 2 26 0.08 16123 3 123 0.02 16128 10 64 0.16 16132 40 1090.37 16133 14 91 0.15 16141 9 31 0.29 16143 10 68 0.15 16157 12 119 0.1016159 12 13 0.92 16162 5 53 0.09 16165 20 32 0.63 16166 12 60 0.20 161911 18 0.06 16193 15 69 0.22 16197 4 29 0.14 16202 20 34 0.59 16205 11 320.34 16207 3 79 0.04 16215 15 84 0.18 16219 5 34 0.15 16228 4 34 0.1216231 3 63 0.05 16233 9 56 0.16 16241 2 90 0.02 16248 4 88 0.05 16250 623 0.26 16251 11 35 0.31 16252 12 56 0.21 16257 10 5 2.00 16270 2 310.06 16273 4 95 0.04 16276 4 35 0.11 16286 5 33 0.15 16297 5 80 0.0616298 10 21 0.48 16306 2 26 0.08 16311 3 73 0.04 16332 27 61 0.44 1634110 42 0.24 16342 8 46 0.17 16353 5 90 0.06 16361 12 35 0.34 16363 12 330.36 16364 2 40 0.05 16379 20 155 0.13 16380 7 29 0.24 16383 1 33 0.0316386 5 23 0.22 16389 5 68 0.07 16390 10 117 0.09 16392 10 118 0.0816401 12 72 0.17 16426 5 16 0.31 16429 3 51 0.06 16430 25 108 0.23 1643115 41 0.37 16435 14 138 0.10 16440 10 84 0.12 16441 30 65 0.46 16447 2030 0.67 16454 10 33 0.30 16466 10 21 0.48 16504 1 15 0.07 16507 25 660.38 16517 8 27 0.30 16522 3 33 0.09 16523 20 85 0.24 16525 15 54 0.2816542 20 66 0.30 16545 7 32 0.22 16548 1 27 0.04

TABLE 2 Echinacea Extracts with Zinc, Vitamin D3 and Ternary Blend(Lecithin, Vitamin C and Vitamin E) Weight Duration ID Gained (lb) (Day)Rate 21177 2 16 0.13 21179 6 32 0.19 21189 10 36 0.28 21191 15 34 0.4421199 16 24 0.67 21211 1 90 0.01 21224 5 69 0.07 21239 2 13 0.15 212675.5 43 0.13 21281 2 60 0.03 21285 15 68 0.22 21286 15 112 0.13 21298 2048 0.42 21305 20 35 0.57 21308 15 62 0.24 21344 15 13 1.15 21347 5 350.14 21352 20 88 0.23 21355 30 91 0.33 21372 6 62 0.10 21384 5 70 0.0721391 15 50 0.30 21412 2 59 0.03 21421 20 33 0.61 21431 10 63 0.16 2143410 44 0.23 21438 20 30 0.67 21439 20 41 0.49 21440 6 4 1.50 21467 5 220.23 21475 9 63 0.14 21486 5 32 0.16 21498 9 33 0.27 21501 9 15 0.6021508 23 80 0.29 21510 7 49 0.14 21522 20 42 0.48 21525 20 30 0.67 2153910 55 0.18 21545 4 76 0.05 21548 7 85 0.08 21553 22 39 0.56 21566 7 990.07 21569 2 29 0.07 21584 10 37 0.27 21588 5 78 0.06 21590 2 32 0.0621622 21 47 0.45 21629 7 32 0.22 21637 7 36 0.19 21641 15 62 0.24 216483 26 0.12 21649 15 106 0.14 21654 5 47 0.11 21659 11 29 0.38 21664 4 500.08 21671 3 15 0.20 21676 4 100 0.04 21678 3 27 0.11 21684 10 21 0.4821688 5 8 0.63 21689 15 47 0.32 21691 2 108 0.02 21709 1 15 0.07 21718 657 0.11 21724 20 28 0.71 21727 5 31 0.16 21741 6 73 0.08 21747 3 33 0.0921756 20 32 0.63 21772 5 45 0.11 21774 2 48 0.04 21780 2 8 0.25 21782 740 0.18 21786 5 31 0.16 21790 11 18 0.61 21795 12 61 0.20 21811 8 970.08 21819 10 40 0.25 21823 5 36 0.14 21824 10 41 0.24 21832 10 92 0.1121837 5 61 0.08 21854 12 103 0.12 21857 7 56 0.13 21860 10 30 0.33 2187130 33 0.91 21881 4 42 0.10 21882 5 62 0.08 21885 5 60 0.08 21888 6 370.16 21893 10 70 0.14 21901 2 53 0.04 21905 3 85 0.04 21919 15 53 0.2821923 4 21 0.19 21930 15 47 0.32 21934 15 80 0.19 21945 20 52 0.38 219491 24 0.04 21957 20 90 0.22 21975 8 68 0.12 21977 20 42 0.48 21981 11 830.13 21982 5 25 0.20 21988 4 26 0.15 21997 18 44 0.41 22009 20 12 1.6722014 10 33 0.30 22017 10 54 0.19 22032 3 72 0.04 22034 10 82 0.12 220425 59 0.08 22049 20 65 0.31 22055 1 37 0.03 22057 1 19 0.05 22067 10 320.31 22078 20 5 4.00 22088 4 55 0.07 22112 30 51 0.59 22143 10 65 0.1522149 2 29 0.07 22158 10 101 0.10 22167 20 90 0.22 22176 3 33 0.09 2218020 30 0.67 22181 20 22 0.91 22190 10 54 0.19 22196 5 85 0.06 22210 10 330.30 22215 8 32 0.25 22218 10 94 0.11 22224 20 69 0.29 22225 20 46 0.4322228 3 6 0.50 22231 10 68 0.15 22233 10 60 0.17 22240 6 65 0.09 22247 557 0.09 22259 1 17 0.06 22269 12 22 0.55 22277 3 99 0.03 22278 15 390.38 22279 11 85 0.13 22283 5 33 0.15 22284 15 102 0.15 22292 1 63 0.0222304 6 31 0.19 22311 12 54 0.22 22313 2 58 0.03 22319 25 65 0.38 223233 8 0.38 22324 8 20 0.40 22326 5 44 0.11 22333 2 21 0.10 22336 10 780.13 22342 4 90 0.04 22349 3 32 0.09 22350 2 23 0.09 22362 5 26 0.1922363 15 35 0.43 22368 10 35 0.29 22379 1 66 0.02 22394 5 28 0.18 2239520 63 0.32 22405 20 30 0.67 22407 4 92 0.04 22409 4 62 0.06 22412 2 300.07 22420 8 34 0.24 22423 15 36 0.42 22432 2 94 0.02 22449 20 28 0.7122452 5 42 0.12 22468 1 65 0.02 22482 17 57 0.30 22492 10 5 2.00 2249810 61 0.16 22526 2 56 0.04 22529 2 87 0.02 22530 3 30 0.10 22534 1 330.03 22536 10 83 0.12 22548 10 78 0.13 22549 3 30 0.10 22553 10 60 0.1722562 2 30 0.07 22568 3 8 0.38 22569 2 50 0.04 22582 32 33 0.97 22587 130 0.03 22601 3 102 0.03 22605 18 84 0.21 22609 5 30 0.17 22623 2 210.10 22635 6 28 0.21 22638 6 60 0.10 22639 2 76 0.03 22645 22 47 0.4722647 1 34 0.03 22648 1 21 0.05 22653 5 40 0.13 22657 10 22 0.45 2265915 63 0.24 22664 7 63 0.11 22668 3 26 0.12 22675 1 48 0.02 22686 28 890.31 22687 20 83 0.24 22689 6 28 0.21 22705 3 64 0.05 22719 4 8 0.5022725 4 34 0.12 22739 16 37 0.43 22756 5 62 0.08 22757 5 52 0.10 2276110 30 0.33 22763 10 34 0.29 22771 10 56 0.18 22775 20 54 0.37 22777 2354 0.43 22783 2 19 0.11 22786 3 33 0.09 22788 21 69 0.30 22795 3 90 0.0322800 3 38 0.08 22806 16 55 0.29 22807 12 24 0.50 22813 10 28 0.36 228354 29 0.14 22843 5 34 0.15 22848 15 33 0.45 22852 15 33 0.45 22864 5 220.23 22866 20 42 0.48 22867 8 55 0.15 22908 18 38 0.47 22911 2 89 0.0222921 5 24 0.21 22928 5 31 0.16 22949 6 35 0.17 22951 2 2 1.00 22953 494 0.04 22960 18 62 0.29 22970 3 51 0.06 22979 2 18 0.11 22980 8 29 0.2822985 5 26 0.19 22990 5 58 0.09 23001 10 84 0.12 23003 20 39 0.51 2300415 37 0.41 23016 10 2 5.00 23022 15 62 0.24 23030 8 39 0.21 23033 5 300.17 23035 10 20 0.50 23039 5 32 0.16 23044 10 62 0.16 23045 8 30 0.2723062 5 85 0.06 23070 4 32 0.13 23078 7 70 0.10 23090 13 17 0.76 23100 537 0.14 23103 5 24 0.21 23109 6 17 0.35 23118 1 34 0.03 23119 10 33 0.3023123 15 85 0.18 23127 10 30 0.33 23133 5 14 0.36 23134 10 32 0.31 231373 49 0.06 23141 15 57 0.26 23145 17 92 0.18 23158 2 33 0.06 23165 5 580.09 23170 3 32 0.09 23184 8 21 0.38 23185 8 40 0.20 23193 12.5 54 0.2323195 1 24 0.04 23206 10 47 0.21 23211 3 60 0.05 23224 10 24 0.42 2322922 60 0.37 23244 2 22 0.09 23245 2 23 0.09 23251 10 16 0.63 23259 20 151.33 23263 1 18 0.06 23269 15 32 0.47 23277 2 91 0.02 23283 9 93 0.1023288 30 60 0.50 23289 5 4 1.25 23293 6 33 0.18 23305 4 34 0.12 23308 2039 0.51 23310 7 31 0.23 23313 20 57 0.35 23338 9 66 0.14 23343 15 300.50 23348 6 32 0.19 23363 15 95 0.16 23367 15 37 0.41 23385 1 28 0.0423411 3 61 0.05 23417 3 22 0.14 23427 8 45 0.18 23431 7 63 0.11 23432 1086 0.12 23433 5 76 0.07 23435 10 33 0.30 23439 3 93 0.03 23446 3 34 0.0923466 14 35 0.40 23469 10 29 0.34 23483 10 8 1.25 23497 11.5 71 0.1623501 3 22 0.14 23506 10 6 1.67 23516 10 22 0.45 23518 5 58 0.09 23524 764 0.11 23540 3 24 0.13 23556 5 27 0.19 23560 7 47 0.15 23565 7 32 0.2223584 2 50 0.04 23585 1 33 0.03 23600 7 22 0.32 23613 6 28 0.21 23621 771 0.10 23623 15 53 0.28 23625 1 29 0.03 23627 20 33 0.61 23635 1 350.03 23655 4 19 0.21 23661 5 28 0.18 23675 40 41 0.98 23685 4 26 0.1523687 9 54 0.17 23697 10 94 0.11 23706 5 20 0.25 23716 20 17 1.18 237172 30 0.07 23719 10 63 0.16 23729 1 25 0.04 23737 1 47 0.02 23745 10 890.11 23769 10 32 0.31 23783 5 47 0.11 23785 11 33 0.33 23788 1 35 0.0323790 20 58 0.34 23792 2 4 0.50 23793 10 69 0.14 23797 6 33 0.18 2379910 19 0.53 23802 35 90 0.39 23806 4 89 0.04 23807 6 41 0.15 23811 3 620.05 23840 9 92 0.10 23843 5 34 0.15 23846 10 41 0.24 23848 3 47 0.0623852 20 21 0.95 23861 6 30 0.20 23865 3 34 0.09 23872 2 22 0.09 23876 435 0.11 23878 20 80 0.25 23882 8 18 0.44 23892 45 33 1.36 23900 15 300.50 23928 12 43 0.28 23931 11 36 0.31 23934 2 14 0.14 23935 7 35 0.2023941 3 80 0.04 23947 25 75 0.33 23959 7 30 0.23 23963 4 20 0.20 23964 45 0.80 23969 2 31 0.06 23980 10 43 0.23 23981 15 45 0.33 23992 8 72 0.1123994 5 20 0.25 23998 10 26 0.38 24000 12 62 0.19 24025 5 73 0.07 240289 62 0.15 24042 10 32 0.31 24053 5 48 0.10 24055 8 52 0.15 24065 7 650.11 24080 5 36 0.14 24095 1 44 0.02 24097 10 33 0.30 24106 4 32 0.1324117 1 30 0.03 24118 13 36 0.36 24120 12 88 0.14 24141 12 58 0.21 241616 26 0.23 24176 7 31 0.23 24179 10 85 0.12 24195 7 32 0.22 24207 6 330.18 24209 10 37 0.27 24227 15 61 0.25 24230 8 4 2.00 24239 15 60 0.2524243 7 64 0.11 24254 5 58 0.09 24261 4 37 0.11 24293 5 68 0.07 24323 421 0.19 24326 3 14 0.21 24329 8 31 0.26 24332 18 4 4.50 24333 20 35 0.5724346 10 30 0.33 24376 30 20 1.50 24406 5 44 0.11 24408 7 34 0.21 2441317 13 1.31 24422 3 14 0.21 24431 5 76 0.07 24457 15 44 0.34 24460 10 610.16 24470 1 30 0.03 24479 5 8 0.63 24489 2 27 0.07 24509 5 65 0.0824516 3 33 0.09 24523 17 47 0.36 24540 6 28 0.21 24542 5 37 0.14 2454620 54 0.37 24558 10 63 0.16 24573 10 48 0.21 24591 5 81 0.06 24599 15 550.27 24608 10 40 0.25 24613 15 32 0.47 24625 2 32 0.06 24635 10 5 2.0024644 9 85 0.11 24655 5 33 0.15 24666 4 38 0.11 24670 3 84 0.04 24671 1047 0.21 24683 4 36 0.11 24686 8 38 0.21 24689 15 44 0.34 24694 3 11 0.2724699 5 62 0.08 24704 3 65 0.05 24708 2 45 0.04 24713 4 47 0.09 24716 1156 0.20 24728 17 35 0.49 24734 10 63 0.16 24742 5 31 0.16 24743 20 320.63 24744 2 86 0.02 24751 25 13 1.92 24752 2 59 0.03 24757 2 53 0.0424763 10 49 0.20 24764 20 62 0.32 24768 20 21 0.95 24777 5 49 0.10 247905 33 0.15 24791 25 56 0.45 24795 3 10 0.30 24796 5 26 0.19 24802 4 340.12 24827 40 74 0.54 24829 10 53 0.19 24830 20 75 0.27 24834 6 42 0.1424849 4 45 0.09 24855 5 67 0.07 24867 15 62 0.24 24881 8 58 0.14 2488210 30 0.33 24900 2 34 0.06 24918 5 45 0.11 24923 4 33 0.12 24942 2 360.06 24965 9 32 0.28 24968 3 32 0.09 24977 20 30 0.67 24989 2 31 0.0624994 40 27 1.48 25002 10 25 0.40 25008 7 63 0.11 25059 10 34 0.29 2507210 39 0.26 25086 4 29 0.14 25108 2 74 0.03 25117 22 33 0.67 25123 1 180.06 25132 12 48 0.25 25139 10 35 0.29 25148 2 36 0.06 25152 15 62 0.2425154 3 13 0.23 25168 8 64 0.13 25177 4 45 0.09 25209 10 78 0.13 2521630 47 0.64 25219 5 35 0.14 25222 15 65 0.23 25241 10 57 0.18 25243 10 350.29 25252 10 26 0.38 25258 5 16 0.31 25266 10 56 0.18 25267 10 62 0.1625273 5 33 0.15 25290 20 30 0.67 25291 2 27 0.07 25292 6 50 0.12 25308 831 0.26 25316 20 72 0.28 25317 6 33 0.18 25321 1 32 0.03 25327 8 63 0.1325330 3 49 0.06 25332 5 26 0.19 25334 5 31 0.16 25335 5 24 0.21 25342 562 0.08 25353 8 28 0.29 25379 10 36 0.28 25385 1 27 0.04 25392 8 34 0.2425404 5 42 0.12 25412 10 52 0.19 25420 10 69 0.14 25435 5 23 0.22 254467 32 0.22 25453 4 33 0.12 25467 5 37 0.14 25470 2 30 0.07 25471 10 360.28 25488 3 34 0.09 25508 7 62 0.11 25512 2 13 0.15 25519 8 33 0.2425522 10 63 0.16 25526 2 49 0.04 25541 10 75 0.13 25542 2 15 0.13 255435 63 0.08 25549 10 33 0.30 25556 5 55 0.09 25560 4 65 0.06 25564 2 300.07 25567 5 30 0.17 25571 6 72 0.08 25620 5 21 0.24 25629 15 52 0.2925633 6 32 0.19 25634 20 33 0.61 25642 20 40 0.50 25645 1 22 0.05 2565312 31 0.39 25663 7 8 0.88 25665 15 42 0.36 25667 3 41 0.07 25671 5 140.36 25684 20 51 0.39 25689 4 42 0.10 25692 2 22 0.09 25697 10 25 0.4025702 15 57 0.26 25707 3 29 0.10 25719 3 29 0.10 25739 10 32 0.31 2574820 25 0.80 25751 10 53 0.19 25754 7 28 0.25 25756 5 30 0.17 25760 10 450.22 25762 10 36 0.28 25765 8 29 0.28 25767 1 53 0.02 25772 2 9 0.2225774 17 77 0.22 25796 5 14 0.36 25798 4 32 0.13 25827 0.5 19 0.03 258295 41 0.12 25836 5 33 0.15 25854 5 54 0.09 25869 4 31 0.13 25872 50 321.56 25873 3 38 0.08 25886 3 21 0.14 25889 2 10 0.20 25891 3 61 0.0525894 10 2 5.00 25896 12 50 0.24 25899 4 30 0.13 25923 15 58 0.26 259248 62 0.13 25928 5 24 0.21 25948 8 60 0.13 25950 5 36 0.14 25952 5 380.13 25956 1 30 0.03 25964 10 38 0.26 25977 10 18 0.56 25995 12 45 0.2726009 15 62 0.24 26010 15 60 0.25 26012 2 34 0.06 26025 20 38 0.53 260325 42 0.12 26033 7 17 0.41 26042 5 28 0.18 26044 3 32 0.09 26051 3 420.07 26055 20 4 5.00 26059 5 29 0.17 26064 15 38 0.39 26069 10 40 0.2526076 10 78 0.13 26087 3 38 0.08 26090 10 44 0.23 26097 4 49 0.08 261009 26 0.35 26102 10 15 0.67 26117 8 76 0.11 26119 5 55 0.09 26142 5 190.26 26145 15 39 0.38 26168 1 55 0.02 26178 135 69 1.96 26187 1 4 0.2526202 10 37 0.27 26206 10 62 0.16 26211 10 32 0.31 26219 2 38 0.05 262452 38 0.05 26254 6 62 0.10 26259 25 55 0.45 26277 15 38 0.39 26282 5 250.20 26294 18 55 0.33 26297 3 44 0.07 26305 5 33 0.15 26330 5 48 0.1026331 4 15 0.27 26342 10 37 0.27 26343 5 28 0.18 26355 2 60 0.03 26356 636 0.17 26364 2 23 0.09 26374 10 54 0.19 26377 5 50 0.10 26379 1 25 0.0426381 5 39 0.13 26386 10 37 0.27 26389 5 60 0.08 26393 8 31 0.26 26401 228 0.07 26405 3 37 0.08 26411 5 39 0.13 26429 2 47 0.04 26437 10 67 0.1526455 15 52 0.29 26461 22 59 0.37 26469 15 3 5.00 26475 12 44 0.27 2649410 64 0.16 26498 2 25 0.08 26503 5 46 0.11 26504 5 56 0.09 26511 2 650.03 26522 12 60 0.20 26523 15 43 0.35 26530 15 36 0.42 26539 15 63 0.2426546 3 28 0.11 26553 24 47 0.51 26562 15 44 0.34 26570 3 40 0.08 2659615 30 0.50 26597 20 65 0.31 26609 7 53 0.13 26628 7 69 0.10 26633 3 300.10 26635 13 39 0.33 26643 10 24 0.42 26651 10 20 0.50 26652 5 12 0.4226653 5 29 0.17 26656 5 30 0.17 26659 15 49 0.31 26682 3 41 0.07 2668515 55 0.27 26693 2 62 0.03 26701 5 13 0.38 26703 7 56 0.13 26713 20 620.32 26741 25 39 0.64 26747 6 74 0.08 26750 5 50 0.10 26754 30 58 0.5226776 5 41 0.12 26777 8 22 0.36 26778 4 34 0.12 26819 10 34 0.29 2683712 45 0.27 26841 25 51 0.49 26847 6 42 0.14 26854 16 40 0.40 26869 5 210.24 26879 5 8 0.63 26894 1 21 0.05 26905 2 47 0.04 26906 3 29 0.1026911 2 30 0.07 26934 10 57 0.18 26936 14 58 0.24 26941 15 33 0.45 269463 29 0.10 26952 8 43 0.19 26954 3 58 0.05 26961 2 28 0.07 26965 5 440.11 26979 5 28 0.18 27012 1 3 0.33 27024 13 32 0.41 27040 2 69 0.0327046 15 63 0.24 27048 2 32 0.06 27056 16 48 0.33 27060 7 12 0.58 2706210 12 0.83 27064 10 44 0.23 27068 10 30 0.33 27070 9 34 0.26 27072 3 320.09 27074 2 35 0.06 27079 2 28 0.07 27103 20 65 0.31 27137 12 70 0.1727138 7 34 0.21 27144 15 56 0.27 27165 3 68 0.04 27174 2 14 0.14 2718415 28 0.54 27198 6 42 0.14 27203 1 26 0.04 27207 20 42 0.48 27217 3 650.05 27234 7 43 0.16 27239 5 33 0.15 27273 3 58 0.05 27285 11 35 0.3127290 20 7 2.86 27297 3 34 0.09 27305 6 55 0.11 27309 1 18 0.06 27310 133 0.03 27336 15 20 0.75 27344 10 33 0.30 27347 3 39 0.08 27357 15 330.45 27368 9 33 0.27 27376 20 19 1.05 27380 10 56 0.18 27387 2 13 0.1527390 20 36 0.56 27400 2 26 0.08 27412 50 66 0.76 27427 15 16 0.94 2744720 27 0.74 27454 2 59 0.03 27463 15 60 0.25 27465 2 56 0.04 27473 10 350.29 27494 30 63 0.48 27502 3 68 0.04 27521 3 27 0.11 27525 25 59 0.4227528 4 59 0.07 27538 19 56 0.34 27541 22 33 0.67 27601 6 27 0.22 276118 34 0.24 27612 5 33 0.15 27616 3 29 0.10 27638 5 19 0.26 27648 20 121.67 27658 3 33 0.09 27661 20 40 0.50 27662 20 62 0.32 27696 6 42 0.1427702 9 61 0.15 27706 20 21 0.95 27713 10 35 0.29 27714 5 33 0.15 2771620 62 0.32 27717 10 32 0.31 27720 30 26 1.15 27727 2 60 0.03 27731 3 300.10 27733 15 30 0.50 27749 6 24 0.25 27752 10 41 0.24 27789 10 32 0.3127796 5 53 0.09 27797 10 58 0.17 27803 2 24 0.08 27813 15 67 0.22 278182 26 0.08 27823 5 55 0.09 27824 5 58 0.09 27825 15 51 0.29 27834 1 540.02 27839 3 18 0.17 27846 5 4 1.25 27872 12 37 0.32 27885 12 47 0.2627903 7 30 0.23 27905 10 33 0.30 27906 6 58 0.10 27924 2 21 0.10 2793310 13 0.77 27940 7 24 0.29 27959 2 30 0.07 27981 18 21 0.86 27985 1 290.03 27991 12 45 0.27 28006 35 59 0.59 28023 5 33 0.15 28035 5 30 0.1728050 10 63 0.16 28051 10 32 0.31 28062 9 43 0.21 28067 10 33 0.30 2809410 62 0.16 28097 7 25 0.28 28113 10 44 0.23 28126 7 30 0.23 28144 5 540.09 28158 10 40 0.25 28165 5 64 0.08 28173 5 47 0.11 28183 5 27 0.1928244 2 29 0.07 28246 10 32 0.31 28249 7 36 0.19 28251 8 23 0.35 28260 535 0.14 28283 12 59 0.20 28287 15 51 0.29 28288 1 26 0.04 28294 10 300.33 28301 15 63 0.24 28306 2 24 0.08 28323 10 63 0.16 28325 3 31 0.1028336 5 48 0.10 28337 2 24 0.08 28341 16 52 0.31 28345 3 48 0.06 28403 12 0.50 28408 20 29 0.69 28419 10 63 0.16 28421 5 57 0.09 28427 2 31 0.0628475 5 67 0.07 28504 20 45 0.44 28511 9 60 0.15 28514 10 32 0.31 285277 18 0.39 28547 5 35 0.14 28550 10 32 0.31 28553 1 6 0.17 28565 4 300.13 28566 10 56 0.18 28578 3 30 0.10 28587 9 21 0.43 28599 20 33 0.6128603 5 20 0.25 28604 10 9 1.11 28608 7 41 0.17 28610 9 57 0.16 28617 1026 0.38 28631 15 66 0.23 28634 5 20 0.25 28636 15 44 0.34 28640 5 620.08 28646 10 63 0.16 28649 7 30 0.23 28653 5 29 0.17 28656 2 18 0.1128658 4 43 0.09 28665 3 33 0.09 28669 2 20 0.10 28690 4 32 0.13 28693 328 0.11 28694 10 44 0.23 28696 3 19 0.16 28699 20 15 1.33 28713 4 200.20 28722 5 34 0.15 28723 10 52 0.19 28737 5 35 0.14 28744 4 58 0.0728747 10 56 0.18 28757 12 33 0.36 28772 5 27 0.19 28774 5 24 0.21 287923 29 0.10 28795 1 44 0.02 28798 5 41 0.12 28810 5 31 0.16 28818 2 600.03 28820 3 21 0.14 28821 1 13 0.08 28825 6 23 0.26 28841 2 16 0.1328875 6 35 0.17 28905 22 61 0.36 28919 2 37 0.05 28922 5 30 0.17 28926 663 0.10 28932 12 55 0.22 28935 10 33 0.30 28937 15 51 0.29 28953 1 120.08 28956 2 23 0.09 28960 8 35 0.23 28963 7 60 0.12 28966 6 61 0.1028969 9 59 0.15 28972 2 36 0.06 28974 5 19 0.26 28979 4 27 0.15 29002 257 0.04 29015 4 11 0.36 29027 5 21 0.24 29028 10 30 0.33 29042 6 59 0.1029044 1 24 0.04 29046 3 18 0.17 29047 9 16 0.56 29049 10 64 0.16 29050 263 0.03 29065 4 61 0.07 29093 1 19 0.05 29143 10 36 0.28 29167 5 29 0.1729171 20 44 0.45 29174 5 62 0.08 29181 4 32 0.13 29189 5 25 0.20 2922810 25 0.40 29254 10 34 0.29 29262 5 30 0.17 29268 5 33 0.15 29271 3 640.05 29274 8 48 0.17 29301 10 55 0.18 29313 6 41 0.15 29320 1 33 0.0329322 10 35 0.29 29350 12 35 0.34 29373 2 18 0.11 29383 3 60 0.05 293845 9 0.56 29386 10 35 0.29 29393 5 3 1.67 29398 2 25 0.08 29431 2 33 0.0629457 3 35 0.09 29458 6 42 0.14 29459 15 33 0.45 29468 12 41 0.29 294772 59 0.03 29495 21 34 0.62 29498 2 26 0.08 29503 5 45 0.11 29513 20 530.38 29548 7 25 0.28 29559 10 47 0.21 29560 1 34 0.03 29562 5 38 0.1329566 7 34 0.21 29576 1 26 0.04 29581 12 26 0.46 29586 5 35 0.14 29593 948 0.19 29604 3 20 0.15 29615 8 20 0.40 29630 4 11 0.36 29636 3 35 0.0929637 14 24 0.58 29640 5 42 0.12 29647 10 63 0.16 29653 17 43 0.40 2966425 30 0.83 29665 5 33 0.15 29669 20 35 0.57 29677 5 33 0.15 29678 5 390.13 29687 11 52 0.21 29693 25 31 0.81 29698 1 2 0.50 29699 3 32 0.0929705 12 50 0.24 29725 8 32 0.25 29736 6 30 0.20 29738 2 48 0.04 29772 29 0.22 29785 13 58 0.22 29811 10 7 1.43 29842 15 49 0.31 29875 45 331.36 29881 2 23 0.09 29917 5 53 0.09 29923 1 34 0.03 29926 7 36 0.1929927 10 35 0.29 29940 2 38 0.05 29948 2 50 0.04 29950 5 31 0.16 2995110 32 0.31 29973 10 43 0.23 29982 5 37 0.14 29985 2 43 0.05 29995 16 270.59 30001 4 32 0.13 30009 3 62 0.05 30010 10 43 0.23 30029 20 47 0.4330038 15 22 0.68 30085 20 33 0.61 30102 2 30 0.07 30112 6 30 0.20 3012010 19 0.53 30125 1 26 0.04 30127 10 32 0.31 30134 8 32 0.25 30148 10 430.23 30157 15 21 0.71 30159 3 29 0.10 30161 1 51 0.02 30163 8 28 0.2930165 3 22 0.14 30166 5 35 0.14 30176 2 3 0.67 30201 2 28 0.07 30223 1029 0.34 30225 5 38 0.13 30244 2 22 0.09 30271 12 32 0.38 30298 3 33 0.0930307 1 1 1.00 30316 1 4 0.25 30341 20 58 0.34 30360 3 31 0.10 30383 556 0.09 30388 10 33 0.30 30408 2 32 0.06 30420 7 49 0.14 30467 10 2 5.0030488 6 34 0.18 30520 5 61 0.08 30524 10 35 0.29 30533 17 34 0.50 305363 31 0.10 30567 6 33 0.18 30578 2 36 0.06 30583 5 34 0.15 30586 20 330.61 30635 10 48 0.21 30648 5 30 0.17 30650 15 60 0.25 30657 3 23 0.1330666 2 17 0.12 30693 10 33 0.30 30699 10 24 0.42 30714 10 15 0.67 3071815 28 0.54 30727 6 25 0.24 30729 25 33 0.76 30730 15 58 0.26 30735 8 330.24 30736 2 20 0.10 30757 3 14 0.21 30758 15 52 0.29 30759 3 33 0.0930772 2 26 0.08 30820 8 14 0.57 30821 2 15 0.13 30845 10 33 0.30 30858 433 0.12 30878 2 37 0.05 30898 2 44 0.05 30907 6 33 0.18 30915 7 42 0.1730924 8 32 0.25 30937 7 28 0.25 30944 10 33 0.30 30947 8 51 0.16 30952 75 1.40 30968 4 32 0.13 30974 3 33 0.09 30982 2 31 0.06 30987 15 24 0.6330989 4 25 0.16 30991 6 24 0.25 31015 5 57 0.09 31028 8 14 0.57 31043 424 0.17 31049 2 20 0.10 31065 5 33 0.15 31080 2 32 0.06 31096 5 31 0.1631128 5 13 0.38 31133 3 17 0.18 31134 15 57 0.26 31142 1 41 0.02 31153 37 0.43 31154 5 40 0.13 31155 4 55 0.07 31156 5 33 0.15 31182 5 29 0.1731200 20 50 0.40 31245 10 49 0.20 31251 12 28 0.43 31252 10 35 0.2931259 10 15 0.67 31270 1 8 0.13 31275 16 51 0.31 31277 4 6 0.67 31280 1035 0.29 31285 22 39 0.56 31295 7 23 0.30 31304 10 34 0.29 31326 4 520.08 31334 7 33 0.21 31335 5 33 0.15 31339 10 45 0.22 31369 20 55 0.3631383 9 34 0.26 31406 1 5 0.20 31425 10 35 0.29 31432 3 47 0.06 31439 735 0.20 31462 1 18 0.06 31472 5 35 0.14 31483 5 35 0.14 31486 5 41 0.1231493 35 55 0.64 31495 5 35 0.14 31498 7 20 0.35 31503 22 56 0.39 3150815 34 0.44 31514 15 46 0.33 31517 20 47 0.43 31526 2 15 0.13 31527 8 360.22 31532 5 37 0.14 31547 4 31 0.13 31557 5 33 0.15 31589 6 40 0.1531600 2 51 0.04 31605 8 52 0.15 31618 6 31 0.19 31636 3 28 0.11 31693 1544 0.34 31714 12 33 0.36 31717 3 18 0.17 31740 2 15 0.13 31748 8 24 0.3331767 5 34 0.15 31777 4 16 0.25 31798 12 32 0.38 31816 15 47 0.32 3181915 34 0.44 31840 5 37 0.14 31846 10 54 0.19 31848 5 21 0.24 31855 10 360.28 31870 6 30 0.20 31882 2 32 0.06 31887 10 33 0.30 31900 6 15 0.4031940 10 45 0.22 31984 2 35 0.06 32015 15 36 0.42 32027 5 9 0.56 3203215 24 0.63 32033 2 15 0.13

TABLE 4 Average Rate of Gain (lbs/day) Echinacea Extracts Only 0.242Echinacea Extracts with Zinc, 0.306 Vitamin D3 and Ternary Blend Change26.4% Standard Error Echinacea Extracts Only 0.0101 Echinacea Extractswith Zinc, 0.0116 Vitamin D3 and Ternary Blend Significance P-value(<.0001) 0.000066

As the results show, while both formulations provide effective weightgain for the individuals, formulation with Vitamin D3, Zinc and TernaryBlend provides approximately 26.4% higher rate of weight gain thanformulation with only the Echinacea preparations.

Among other things, the present invention provides various benefits andadvantages to the people seeking weight gain. Specifically, the presentinvention increases the appetite and slows the metabolism of anindividual by activating the CB1 of the individual with Echinaceaextracts, thereby enhancing the weight gain of the individual. First,the present invention is capable of temporarily slowing metabolic rateto hypometabolic levels for the purpose of increasing net caloriesurplus for body weight gain. Second, the present invention is capableof treating conditions arising from hyperthyroidism. Third, with thenovel antioxidant created from present invention's ternary blend, thepresent invention also provides a method for inhibiting the degradationand breakdown of alkamides from cut or ground plant stock, whether dryor wet, and extracts from Echinacea, whether obtained from alcohol orotherwise. This method further prevents oxidation from environmentalexposure, including, but not limited to, oxygen and light.

It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates toexemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as setforth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of enhancing weight gain in a mammalcomprising: administering an effective amount of at least oneantioxidant and at least two types of Echinacea-derived alkamide orisobutylamide compound selected from group consisting of:Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides;Dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide;Undeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide; Undeca-2-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide; Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide;Dodeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid 2-methylbutylamide;Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z-trienoic acid isobutylamide;Pentadeca-2E,9Z-diene-12,14-diynoic acid isobutylamide; andDodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide to said mammal. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acidisobutylamides is extracted or otherwise derived from Echinacea purpureaor Echinacea angustifolia.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein theDodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide and theUndeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide are extracted orotherwise derived from Echinacea purpurea.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the Undeca-2-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide and theDodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide are extracted or otherwisederived from Echinacea augustifolia.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereinthe antioxidant is selected from group consisting of alpha tocopherol(vitamin E), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, ethylgallate, octyl gallate, lecithin, vitamin C and vitamin E.
 6. The methodof claim 1 further comprises: administering an effective amount of zinc.7. A method for enhancing weight gain in mammal comprising: 8.administering to said mammal an effective amount ofDodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides extracted orotherwise derived from Echinacea purpurea, an effective amount ofDodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide extracted or otherwise derivedfrom Echinacea angustifolia, at least one type of vitamin and at leastone type of mineral. The method of claim 7, wherein concentration of theDodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides is between 0.03% to0.20% and concentration of the Dodeca-2E, 4E-dienoic acid isobutylamideis between 0.01% to 0.03%.
 9. The method of claim 7 further comprisesadministering an effective amount of Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z-trienoic acidisobutylamide and Dodeca-2E,4Z-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamideextracted or otherwise derived from Echinacea purpurea.
 10. The methodof claim 7 further comprises administering an effective amount ofDodeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid 2-methylbutylamide andPentadeca-2E,9Z-diene-12,14-diynoic acid isobutylamide extracted orotherwise derived from Echinacea angustifolia.
 11. The method of claim7, wherein the vitamin is selected from group consisting of lecithin,vitamin C and vitamin E.
 12. The method of claim 7, wherein the mineralis selected from group consisting of zinc and magnesium.
 13. Anutritional supplement for enhancing weight gain, the supplementcomprising: a therapeutically-effective amount ofDodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides extracted orotherwise derived from Echinacea species selected from group consistingof Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea atrorubens, Echinacea laevigata,Echinacea pallida, Echinacea paradoxa, Echinacea purpurea, Echinaceasanguinea, Echinacea simulate and Echinacea tennesseensis; atherapeutically-effective amount of Dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acidisobutylamide extracted or otherwise derived from Echinacea speciesselected from group consisting of Echinacea angustifolia, Echinaceaatrorubens, Echinacea laevigata, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea paradoxa,Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea sanguinea, Echinacea simulate andEchinacea tennesseensis; and at least three antioxidants comprisinglecithin, vitamin C and vitamin E.
 14. The nutritional supplement ofclaim 13 further comprises vitamin D3.
 15. The nutritional supplement ofclaim 13, wherein the Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acidisobutylamides is extracted or otherwise derived from Echinacea purpureaand the Dodeca-2E, 4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide is extracted orotherwise derived from Echinacea angustifolia.
 16. The nutritionalsupplement of claim 13, wherein proportion of the Echinacea angustifoliaalkamides is higher than the proportion of the Echinacea purpureaalkamides.
 17. The nutritional supplement of claim 14, wherein theDodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides has concentrationbetween 0.03% to 0.20% and the Dodeca-2E, 4E-dienoic acid isobutylamidehas concentration between 0.01% to 0.03%.